Desktop Migration Proposal Essay Example for Free

Desktop Migration Proposal EssayThe purpose of this desktop migration proposal is to layout the proposed labors and activities that argon required to efficiently transition HACKM, LLC intakers from a Windows 7 computing environment to Windows 8. Currently, HACKM, LLC has 500 desktops/laptops that run Windows 7. The CEO of HACKM, LLC recognizes a need to implement HACKM employees to the a la mode(p) Windows 8 technology. This proposal includes deployment schedules, resource estimates,identification of special resources and staffing. This proposal also defines counseling controls and reporting procedures, as well as the risks and contingencies in this transition. OverviewIn upgrading to Windows 8, HACKM is seeking to shorten support costs while enhancing the exploiter computing experience. HACKM would like to keep their systems current with the latest Windows technology by acquiring a top of the cable system laptop/tablet hybrid. The budget provided by HACKM is a maximum of $ 1,000,000 in which $700,000 has been set aside for the acquisition of the hardware needed to meet the requirements. The remaining $300,000 is deal for contract support to execute the task.More details on the recommended product1. 10.6 widescreen with 1920 x 1080 resolution This high-resolution screen is ideal for word processing, Web browsing, research, practice and streaming HD video content. 2. Microsoft Windows 8.1 Pro operational system Full laptop capability in the size of a tablet. Run your existing desktop programs, download apps from the Windows Store and share files in the cloud for easy access anywhere you go. 3. 512GB internal computer storage capacity plus microSD slot Significant amount of storage space for software, apps, documents, photos, videos and more. Expand storage with a microSD card. 4. Dual-core processor Delivers responsive performance, smooth-streaming video and fast access to the Web and e-mail. 5. Supports the full Microsoft state of affairs expe rience Equipped with Microsoft Office Suite. 6. Powerful connectivity with USB 3.0 Share files, connect accessories and display content on the big screen with a full-size USB port. 7. Docking station (separate) Upgrade BenefitsMigrating to Windows 8 leave behind bring HACKM up to speed with the most current in operation(p) system. Windows 8 offers superior performance in comparison to Windows 7 and all other versions of Windows. Windows 8 offers improvements in performance, existing capabilities, and is relatively cheaper in costs. Windows 8 starts up more than twice as fast as Windows 7. Windows 8 gives PC users a entirely untested world of full-screen, daub-friendly, Web-connected apps to explore.Laptop/Tablet Hybrids Benefits2-in-1s come with the advantages of both tablets and notebooks. Typically theyll have the form factor of a tablet, fall by the waysideing users to easily enjoy their favorite websites and apps with touch like they would on an iPad. They sometimes boas t better battery life than a typical notebook. They provide mobility advantages for personnel that are regularly on-the-go.ObjectivesThe objective of the task is to migrate all HACKM desktops to Windows 8 including all of the users files and folders with no info loss, with as much transparency to the user community as possible. startWith any take to, a well thought out and sound plan is necessary. Migration technicians pull up stakes check the hardware compatibility list (HCL) to verify that the recommended hardware is compatible with the operating system. This includes visiting the vendors website and checking for operating system compatibility. For specialty applications technicians ordain obtain the latest drivers for all hardware. If necessary, 64-bit drivers allow be obtained before positionation to look that devices are compatible with 64-bit operating systems.Windows Upgrade Advisor will be utilized to determine whether any special modifications to system will be requi red for an upgrade.Technicians will use Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP) to automatically scan multiple computers and identify each computers compatibility for an upgrade to Windows 8. MAP checks hardware compatibility, identifies the availability of updated device drivers, and recommends a migration path to Windows 8. other migration tasks that will be performed and documented includeaudited discover user communityConduct user interviews verify user profiles, data location, answer any questions regarding migration. Audit all hardware and software to determine upgrade call for for compatibility with Windows 8 Identify total number of desktops, laptops and related hardware Examine current operating system configuration, user profiles Technicians will use Microsoft Windows Compatibility Center/Advisor to ensure current systems meet upgrade requirements. Identify project manager, project team, and stakeholdersDefine migration management team and points of contactCondu ct weekly status meetings to discuss progress and milestonesExamine risks for migrating to Windows 8Data migrationTechnicians will utilize Microsofts Windows Easy carry-forward utility to migrate user data.Windows Easy Transfer is a built-in migration tool to transfer files and settings from one computer to another.Software compatibilityGroup Policy Objects (GPO) will be migrated across the HACK domain forest with Advanced Group Policy Management (AGPM). Technicians will use Across Forest Migration to export the GPO and import it into the new Windows 8 production environment. After GPO migration, users will authenticate to the HACKM domain and therefore will not be required to use a Microsoft account with the new Windows 8 systems. Data Backup RestoreData protection is crucial for HACKM continuity after the migration. Technicians will1. Identify the critical data that needs to be archived2. Archive this data to dedicated backup servers provided by HACKM3. Review data for integrit y and qualityTechnicians will backup1. Program data, software data, user folders and files including offline files identified during auditing and user interviews2. Offline files will be copied to external USB hard drives (1TB).3. Backups will be save for 90 days after migrationFull backups will be run nightly with incremental backups weekly during the migration effort. Technicians will perform a full integrity and consistency check of data.EncryptionEach tablet will be encrypted utilize Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption. BitLocker makes use of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to provide stronger data protection for the data on the device. BitLocker will allow our technicians to encrypt all HACKM data stored on the Windows operating system volume and configured data volumes, and by using the TPM, it can also help ensure the integrity of the information.NetworkingAll of the new tablets will be equipped with docking stations that have built in gigabit Ethernet networking technology. F or increased network security, the built-in radio receiver feature will only be made available on a case-by-case basis.Anti-Virus ProtectionEach tablet will be saved from various threats and vulnerabilities via Windows Defender. Windows Defender is antispyware software thats included with Windows and runs automatically when its turned on. Windows Defender offers two ways to help keep spyware from infecting your computer 1. Real-time protection. Windows Defender alerts you when spyware attempts to install itself or to run on your computer. It also alerts you when programs attempt to change important Windows settings. 2. Scanning options. Windows Defender can be used to scan for spyware that might be installed on your computer, to schedule scans on a regular basis, and to automatically remove anything thats detected during a scan. Windows Defender works with Windows Update to automatically install new definitions as theyre released.Post MigrationTechnicians will perform the following tasks after migrating users to Windows 8 Update device drivers for unrecognized devices. During inductance, drivers for many devices are installed from drivers on the installation disc. Technicians will use Device Manager to verify the status of all hardware devices, and download and install drivers for any unknown devices.Configure Windows Update and download the latest updates.Configure security software configure the Windows Firewall and install anti-virus software. Technicians will make sure to update anti-virus definition files. Migrate user configuration settings and data using the following methods For local files not backed-up to the network, technicians will use Windows Easy Transfer to transfer files from the old computer to the new computer. For all other user data technicians will use the User State Migration Tool (USMT) ScanState will be used on the existing computer to save user settings and files. LoadState will be used on the new computer to move files onto the new computer. Install applications and add other Windows features.Configure system backups and other protection methods. Take a complete PC backup and schedule regular user data backups. Roles ResponsibilitiesProject Manager Responsible for managing high performance, interdisciplinaryteam to meet project milestones and achieving measurable performance outcomes. Project manager will manage and communicate task progress and milestones. Lead Migration Administrator Responsible for leading the desktop migration effort. This includes digest of the existing Windows 7 systems and development of the plan and approach and migration of data to the new the new Windows 8 systems. Migration Technician Responsible for user interviews, surveys, data back-up, operating system installation and data migration. Technician will document any issues for escalation and lessons learned. Technician will regularly communicate with Lead Migration Administrator and Project Managers.Works CitedAbbass, H. (2012, November 15). How to Transfer your files to a Windows 8 Computer. Retrieved from Darktips.com http//darktips.com/transfer-files-to-windows-8/ BestBuy.com. (2014, December). Microsoft out-of-doors Pro 2 512GB. Retrieved from BestBuy.comhttp//www.bestbuy.com/site/microsoft-surface-pro-2-512gb-dark-titanium/2147061.p?id=1219070148385skuId=2147061 Bestbuy.com. (2014, December). Microsoft Surface Pro 3 Docking Station. Retrieved from Bestbuy.com http//www.bestbuy.com/site/microsoft-surface-pro-3-docking-station/7524004.p?id=1219276472271skuId=7524004 Microsoft.com. (2010, May). BitLocker Drive Encryption. Retrieved from Microsoft Technet http//technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc731549%28ws.10%29.aspx Microsoft.com. (2014, December). sing Windows Defender. Retrieved from Microsoft.com http//windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/using-defender1TC=windows-7 Muchmore, M. (2013, June 24). 5 Reasons You Should Upgrade to Windows 8. Retrieved from PCMag.com http//www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2 817,2411451,00.asp

Evolution of New Media Essay Example for Free

Evolution of New Media EssayThe advancement of technology has trans bounded dramatic every(prenominal)y in the twenty-first centaury and affects every aspect of our everyday lives. With the comparison of a South Afri digest example of handed-down and sensitive media products, in the form of the print and the on-line(a) news show providers of the Mail Guardian news product, this essay seeks to evaluate the implications of the development of new media, and its affects on the likes of traditional news products.Before delving into the issue of the impact that new media has on traditional media, it is important to define these two terms. Traditional media is commonly seen in the form of radio, television and print (newspapers). Each atomic number 18 describe entities and are freelancer of each other. They do not rely on each other for existence and do not influence each other in whatever expressive style. As the term, traditional media, is an incredibly broad term, it is d ifficult to give a precise definition for it. Rather, it is in contrast to the concept of new media that a brookance definition for the term traditional media is formed. Print media, in the form of the Mail Guardian newspaper, is a South African example of traditional media.The term new media refers to the forms of media content that combine and integrate data, text, sound and images of all in all kinds(Flew, 2003 10). The on-line news provider, Mail Guardian, is a South African example of new media. The website incorporates images, texts and sounds-all of which are separate medium-and brings them together under one roof. This bringing together of sundry(a) medium to form one entity is kn hold as convergence (Dessaucer, 2004 123). It is this idea of convergence of various media, which defines the term new media.Unlike the print chance variable of the Mail Guardian, the on-line version offers a broad range of modifications to its traditional counterpart. Rather than being pri nted on paper, news articles of the on-line news provider are presented in digital form. This is a seemingly obvious observation, however, it highlights the evolution of traditional media into the more normal form of new media. There is also a noticeable difference between traditional and new media in that rather then flipping through pages of undesirable texts and articles, the lector of on-line news sites actively selects the articles that they wish to read by effortlessly clicking a mouse. Furthermore, on-line news providers provide more than merely news articles. by features called hyperlinks, readers can be transported to various other websites such as sports, music sites and even virtual gambling (Flew, 2003). Hence on-line news providers extend beyond the realms of merely providing news, but rather as technology continues to develop, and the boundaries of one website and another become blurred, they begin to assume a more all-rounded focus. Online news services allow the r eader the luxury of setting a specific section of the news as the front page, opposed to traditional media, where the content of the front page, is dictated by the editor.Among the many other advantages generated by new media is that it allows for articles to be reported in real time and updated often (Dessaucer, 2004 123). Most print media are usually printed double a day. In the case of the print form of the Mail Guardian, it is only printed once a week. Hence, if a news story breaks after the paper has been printed, readers are required to wait a full week to get its adjourn on the matter. In the case of a reader missing a weeks edition of the newspaper, they will find much difficulty in trying to retrieve it. With the advancement of technology, the Mail Guardian online caters for issues such as these. New media allows for storage of knowledge without causing cluttering-as would be found in the storing of old newspapers. By creating archives where readers can materially retr ieve past information, the issue of loosing out on a weeks worth of news is eliminated. The Mail Guardian online, has the ability, unlike that of traditional print media, to updated and edit its stories as often as required. So, readers of online news services are unbroken up to date on breaking news, in real time, as opposed to the readers of the print version of the Mail Guardian, who realise breaking news a week after it actually occurs. Here again the advantages of new media are highlighted.The likes of traditional print media are also limited by space, resulting in the actual content to be limited. Thus in traditional print media, only selected articles feature in the news. On the other hand, new media, in the form of on-line articles, tend to contain more in-depth articles, as well as provide additional information on related topics in the form of layered journalism (Dessaucer, 2004 125). This idea of layered journalism, utilizes the feature of hyperlinks (Flew, 2003 15). As explained earlier, hyperlinks provide the reader with links to other related information, including past stories, multimedia features and links to other websites that offer uncomplicated source information on a specific subject (Dessaucer, 2004 124). The advantage of this is that the reader is provided insight into specific topics, without much effort and without actively having to search for it.Limitations to traditional media are found in the area of interactivity. Person-to-person interactivity in traditional media is extremely limited in comparison to that of new media forms, which both facilitates and stimulates interactivity on all levels. Internet usage involves person-to-person communications, group communicationthrough electronic mail (email), news groups, chat rooms, mailing lists and the World Wide Web (Flew, 2003 12). This increased interactivity, stimulated by new media, allows the reader to assume a more active role rather than a passive one. New media benefits the journalist as much as it does the reader. New media and the idea of convergence, allows for a journalist to film a news event, interview people, write an article on the event and send it to his/her editor, who will stake the article on-line, all in a matter of minute and all with the same instrument. Again this emphasises the idea of real-time journalism, opposed to traditional media, where a journalist first has to film an event, then they have to interview people and only then can they write their article. Furthermore, if the event is a far distant from the actuate where the article will be published, it will take a considerable amount of time for the article to reach the editors. Only after this whole procedure, can the article be published, by which time the then breaking news would have already been forgotten by the public. It is this slow, relentless pace that sets traditional media light-years unconnected from new media.It is estimated that by 2005, approximately 194 mi llion people will be on-line in the U.S. alone. Research shows that from 1996-2000, the number of people on-line had increased by a staggering 149% (Dessaucer, 2004 124). With new medias increasing popularity, it is not surprising that that newspaper readerships have been declining worldwide (Flew, 2003 101). As reading of newspapers is becoming a less popular activity, it is surprising to note that on-line news providers are not yet the dominant news source (Dessaucer, 2004 124). One only wonders how long it will take for on-line news services to be the service of choice, considering all its advantages, as well as the staggering growth rate of new media users. Although losing popularity worldwide, there is clam up a market for traditional media in the form of the poorer third world communities. In order to utilise new media, one is required to have the needful knowledge, facilities and homes readily at hand.This poses problems for poor third world communities, as all these essen tials are incredibly expensive to orchestrate and implement. These communities barely have money for solid food let alone unnecessary luxuries in the form of advanced technology. Other issues which surface when dealing with new media is the idea of ownership and funding. As technology advances into the twenty-first century along this information highway, it is those companies who are active on the global stage, across different media such as the likes of the South African company, Johncom, that actually own and fund these online services (Steemers, 1999 232). As these companies are usually based in the west, it is the western style democracies, which have traditionally influenced broadcasting policy (Steemers, 1999 233). Hence, issues of plurality and pagan diversity arise, as these companies usually neglect to consider the views and styles preferred by other communities (Steemers, 1999). Furthermore, The idea of convergence, in new media, which allows for a person to read the news , receive the latest sports updates, check his/her shares on the stock exchange while talking to his loved ones overseas depositing money into his bank account and listening to the radio all at the same time raises the issue to attention. The fact that the reader is partaking in various activities at once highlights the fact that the focus of attention has the tendency to move at an alarming rate (Steemers, 1999 233).ConclusionAs technology continues to advance and new media continues to assume an ever-increasing influence in the media industry, it seems inevitable that traditional media will easily be phased out of existence and in fact evolves into what is known as new media. However, in as much as new media is seemingly the way of the future and provides seemingly endless opportunities for its users, it only focuses on a niche market, leaving behind the poorer third world communities. Until such a time that access, infrastructure and education about new media are made affordable and available to these poorer communities worldwide, print media and traditional media, it seems, will continue to exist. Rather than suffocating it into extinction, it is likely that traditional media and new media will exist side by side for a long time to come.REFERENCE LIST* Dessaucer, C. 2004. New Media, Internet discussion and News Habit. In Howard, P and Jones, S (ed), Society Online, London Sage, 121-136.* Flew, T.2003. New Media An Introduction. Oxford Oxford University Press.* Steemers, J. 1999. Broadcasting is dead. Long live digital choice. In Mackay, H and OSullivan, T (ed), The Media Reader. London Sage, 231-249.

Marketing activities Essay Example for Free

Marketing activities EssayJeans are just an ordinary piece of clothing to many people. To other(a)s, however, they are a powerful means of self-expression. This fact is affirm by the sheer number of companies that produce jeans, including Levis, Gap, Old Navy, Calvin Klein, Armani, Guess, Miss Sixty, Tommy Hilfiger and many others. Jeans are one of many ways in which a mortal so-and-so send a message to other people concerning various aspects of ones character, an easy and under brave out adapted way at that. Given the large cuticle of marketing activities of clothing manufacturers nowadays, if jeans did not send a message, the producing companies would invent a message for them.It is just so fascinating to impart a twist of convey to a couple of pants so that the pubic faecal matter identify them with a particular style or trend. This is the age of individualisation and customization, and clothing manufacturers do not want to stay behind. They want to make their product specific and readily recognizable and they do everything they can to appeal to their target audience with a specific message. For instance, Levis are now seen as a traditional American outfit, something that brings one back to the times of life on the frontier or something that our grandparents wore.Gap, on the contrary, is a more(prenominal) youthful, misfireish look, and so is Miss Sixty. This process can be described as branding, a concept familiar to every vendor who knows that if a piece of clothing does not send a message, it is the job of the marketer to invent this message and make sure the potential buyers are able to recognise it. The marketers task is to plant in the mind of the consumer the idea that carrying a certain brand is linked to a philosophy, that a company does not stand merely for a set of machines with workers as appendages, that it can develop and sustain an ideology embodied in a simple pair of jeans.What kind of messages can jeans send out? First, a pe rson can opt for a traditional or a modern design, underscoring the level of commitment to modernity and change. It is to the highest degree oft natural for older people to choose traditional fashion, classical fits that will last for many years without violating the norms of fashion. The young, on the contrary, will most often wear the fashions of this very season in order to underscore that they are at the forefront of fashion. When, for instance, an older person whitethorn opt for a more modern cut going to a youth venue for some reason.This can send out a message to the younger crowd that this person wants to be in many ways like them and share their experiences in different possible ways. Then there is the question to be solved as to how much sex appeal the jeans should hold. We all remember very well this trend towards super-tight mens jeans that mostly young guys wore partly because it was fashionable and partly because they wanted to demonstrate their describeions to the opposite sex. Girls can also wear tight jeans or choose those that are very low-cut to emphasize their appeal.As with uncover clothing in general, a person wearing such clothing demonstrates that he or she is very confident of ones ability to attract other people and happy or at least not shameful of ones figure. This is not always the case, and those who think their bodies are sinful are not likely to choose jeans that will widen a large part of it. Another message linked to wearing sexy jeans is the materialisation of the desire to be liked by the opposite sex. Surely we all or almost all have this desire, plainly not everybody would dare to reveal it in public, either in words or in clothing.Many people are wary of being too open about this inside(a) drive and try to suppress it as something indecent. The individual who chooses to demonstrate this natural instinct is sending a message to representatives of the opposite sex Look at me, I want you to appreciate me. Am I not good-looking? Tight jeans will almost surely make guys inspect a girls figure more closely than that of her more modest friends even if those look like top models. She will then attract more suitors but at the same time risks incurring girls anger as they recognize that she is out on a hunt and will grab a uncontaminating share of what could have been their prey.Thus, wearing incitive jeans can also be a sign of daring, ability to defy sociable norms and to disregard the opinion of other people. Since in most cultures flirting is reserved for informal surroundings, a person who puts on a sexy-looking pair indicates that he or she believes to be in a setting where flirting is acceptable and one can expect to find a partner. Few people would seriously consider putting on provocative jeans on a corporate outing since this would send the wrong message to the colleagues. Besides, jeans can look either sophisticated or sloppy, and this distinction, too, is meaningful.A person may choo se to look sloppy in order to underscore the informality of the situation and to make others feel at ease. This effect can occur when, for instance, an authoritative or top-level executive invents a little outing with subordinates and wants to appear in the image of a simple, down-to-earth man attentive to their needs and feelings. Choice of an upscale-looking, delightful pair of jeans may not be quite the right choice since this will remind the inferiors once again about the difference in the social status between them and their boss. A casual, sloppy pair will be more acceptable.

Defining Globalization In An Operational Way Politics Essay

Defining sphericalisation In An Operational Way Politics EssayIt is very much very difficult to trace the origin of whims and ideas in complaisant sciences because the concepts, theories and ideas are the products of collective activities. Therefore, it would be very difficult to identify the first use of destination sphericalization while according to Malcolm Walters, the author of book Globalization, Roland Robertson was the advance(prenominal) user of this termination (Walters, 1995)1. Apart from the fact, who has utilise this term for the first time, at the emergence of twenty first century globoseisation in the form of concept, and catchword is used frequently as compared to any other term. In Singapore, almost everything has signifi arsece with sphericization from the inflow of foreign capital, technology, workers, music, movies, culture etcetera Some citizenry consider the globalization as a train with no brakes crushing everything coming in its focussing and several(prenominal) people consider it as a benefit to get on the train towards economical growing and modernization.Concept of GlobalizationAccording to the meanings in the Oxford Dictionary, the term glocal and the noun glocalization are created by spotting both global and local together so as to make a blend (Robertson, 1995, p. 28)2. The term was transformed on Japanese word dochakuka which essenti eachy meant to adapt the farming tactics depending on the local condition of individual. Within a business world, the concept was adopted so as to refer to global localization and the idea and term of globalization originally comes from Japan (Robertson, 1995, p. 28)3. However, the term glocalization was frequently used since late eighties, there were various applicable hurt existed that were used by social scientists and are still continued to use. It was claimed by various sociologists that subjects and areas like sociology and political sciences were the products of western social experiences when such field and areas were transported to non western or non European considerations there was a subscribe for indigenization. The idea of indigenization created a debate among scientists because it raises basic questions regarding the application of these concepts and ideas. One of the basic concerns of globalization is that it opens the doors of doubts regarding the originality of cultures. In longer term sights of globalization, the locality and local are considered to be the step to the forecomes of globalization as it is difficult to find any culture that endure be viewed as isolated from the procedures of globalization (Khondker, 2004, pp. 1-9)4.The influence of globalization on culture depends on the consideration of individual about the local cultures to be protected from the external influences or the creation of fresh cultural activities results from the mixing of ideas and concepts from various cultures. In fact there are some cultures as disc ussed above that are isolated and cultural interaction though relations of trade have occurred for thousands of years. Therefore, it can be notice that the values are key to assessing the influence of globalization on the individuals lives around the globe. At the instance, it is workable to spread the concept of globalization in such a way that the conflict betwixt various values is highlighted as they play their role in specific wad. Hence, the McDonaldization or Americanization of the world presents the procedure of globalization that is driven by the consumer culture of America rolling over other various cultures (Rothenberg, 2003)5.Economic Phenomena and GlobalizationWhile the US Senate pushes a bill to complete a 700-mile-long fence on the Mexican border, Saudi Arabia is finalizing plans for a similar project a 560-mile-long, US$12 billion dollar electrified fence along its border with Iraq. Both fences are being built to prolong outsiders out, to foil illegal immigrants, refugees, black-market weapons dealers, do drugs runners, and in Saudi Arabias case, terrorists. The US and Saudi Arabia have decided that the consequences of not building a fence are more costly than ever before, give thanks to globalization, which has made borders more penetrable by more people.6Though globalization and its causes and effects are integral to reporting issues like these, the comment of the word is astray debated. Is it widespread economic liberalization? Are case frontiers simply irrelevant? (Barber, 1996)7. Scholars have developed umpteen definitions, scarce no matter which definition is elect by a journalist for a story, the definition should be operational. It should allow for in-depth qualitative and numeric analysis, so that causes and effects can be identified. Specifically, in transnational reporting, an operational definition of globalization should protagonist a journalist answer authorised questions regarding the role of borders, domains, cons ciousnesses, actors, and consequences in a story (Holm, 2006).8Are fences on nation borders a sign that globalization is weakening, or an example of globalizations sometimes localizing effects?In other words, the globalization might be considered and classified functionally relevant to the series of economic procedure. Such procedures include the liberalization and deregulation of markets, privatization of assets, retreat of state functions in terms of welfare, diffusion of technology, foreign direct investment etc. The term refers to the spread of sales, production facilities, manufacturing processes all around the world that can reconstitute the international division of labor. The prior decades of globalization has been witnessed by various analysts and often the discussion of globalization has been condensed into the discussion of national income that is measured in terms of growth. Connecting the amalgamation of globalization to the economic procedures, a broad statement made by Robert Z. Lawrence that in general terms the economic amalgamation leads towards the convergence with poor economies growing more fast as compared to the rich economy (Lawrence, 1996)9. It was also storied by the Harvard economist, Jeffery G. Williamson and the President of the Economic History Association, both argued that the globalization leads towards convergence as observed and evidenced in the historical decades. The essence of the argument was regarding the stooge line in terms of the living standard gap between developed and under developed countries reduces with the passage of time and hence the convergence indicates the final stage of this gap in terms of percentage (Williamson, 1996, p. 278)10.Globalization in Technological and Social RevolutionIt is considered to be inconsistent to ignore the more theoretical perspective in terms of the matter evidenced as a decisive shift away from industrial capitalism to a postindustrial conception of economic relations. The ide ntical economic phenomena identified earlier are essential not notwithstanding due to the reason of their representation of unique cluster of activity but also due to the representation of a late form of activity. This concept suggests an outstanding conversion among the techno-industrial higher classes that are mainly driven by the technological enhancements ultimately rendering the entire globe as a single market. It is a comprehensive vision in terms of globally cohesive production, alter but interdependent markets of labor, privatization of state assets at faster pace, tangle linkage of technology across the conventional national borders. Furthermore, it is also argued that the development of entire new and recent economy has been evidenced along with a typical shift that is influencing the way of considering the wide variety of social and economic relations (Castells, 1991)11.Jan Aart Scholtes definition of globalization cannot clarify globalizations role in events like th ese. He sees globalization as a shift in the nature of social set due to the ontogenesis of transplanetary connections and the development of supra-territorial connections between people he does not leave room for globalization as a force that can lead to or footslog the local (Scholte, 2005).12In addition, the space has been condensed due to the technological development even though the influence of such condensability most probably to enhance the diversity that is captured deep down the context of glocalization. The general reorganization of economic activities are considered to be in progress at regional takes while on the other hand, the eruption of reading or communication and commodities or services flows is emerging across the various cities, regions and nations. The term glocalization is sometimes associated with the globalization as there is some conflict between these terms in terms of compliment or confliction. The context that glocalization is the localization of e conomic and political relation while shifting the authority from national level downward in such a way that heighten the responses of globalization and the conflicts with other perspectives suggesting that both are opposes on the basis of analysis and examination (Higgott Reich, 1997)13.Globalization, he says, involves reductions of barriers to transworld connections (Scholte, 2005)14. Boundaries have become defined under different criteria in a transplanetary, supra-territorial world. Not only do states borders mean less, but new types of borders exist you can be online or offline by the click of a mouse, for example. And technology has also made supra-territoriality a possibility global telecommunications, the Internet. Quantitatively, he says, there are more transplanetary links, the effects of relations are bigger, and the interactions are happening faster. Transplanetary relations, although they have been going on for centuries, are denser than those of any previous epoch (Sch olte, 2005)15. Qualitatively, it is the supra-territorial nature of social space that is unique to the present era. Supra-territorial relations are those social connections that substantially transcend territorial geography (Scholte, 2005)16. One major source of conflict lies within the context that globalization reduces the essence of geography while on the other hand, glocalization enhances it as a opposing tendency and geographical association in a smack of region and trading becomes the vital importance. Another source of conflict as suggested by Ruigrok and Rob van Tulder as they defined globalization and glocalization in terms of conflicting strategies of firms. It was also suggested that globalizing firms racecourse a strategy that endeavors for a worldwide division of labor in the firm while on the other hand, glocalizing firms trail an alternative strategy in which the firms find slipway to imitate production within various regions while avoiding the risk associated wit h the establishment of trade blocs. Hence, glocalizing firms find ways to generate an interfirm division of labor that is geographically concentrated (Ruigrok Tulder, 1995, pp. 46-131)17.In most general terms, the globalizing firms are labeled multinational corporations as the glocalizing firms find various ways to imitate depending on the regions and with this difference, both behave in different manner. Multinational firms most probably decentralize production and sales but the decision devising remain steadily centralized in a categorized structure. In behavioral terms, it is reflected in susceptibility to retain the overwhelming majority of Research knowledge facilities with specific exceptions at home (Louis W. Pauly, 1997)18. Moreover, the significance of revolution in the most positive form is reflected in the claims of Peter Schwartz and Peter Leyden that offers the prospects of four decades of prolonged growth and noteworthy transformation which is inspired by the dereg ulation and technological enhancements in terms of computers, telecom, biotech, nanotech, alternative energy etc (Schwartz Leyden, 1997, p. 116)19.Scholte smears out four other notions of globalization as internationalization, liberalization, universalization, and westernization, and he describes these definitions in contrast to his. If defined as one of these four notions, he contends, the term globalization adds nothing new to previous understandings of the world, whereas his definition adds the concept of supra-territoriality.Scholte warns that the four definitions also hold implicit dangers because of their foci, which are narrow. If people see globalization as only economic liberalization, they provide miss other important factors that make up globalization. Such limitations are dangerous according to Scholte because they blind people to the discontinuity in the underlying character of social geography (Scholte, 2005)20. If we define globalization in one of these four narrow terms, we merely rehash old knowledge and lose a major opportunity to grasp-and act upon-certain key circumstances of our times (Scholte, 2005)21.But can Scholtes definition and his new contribution, supra-territoriality, help us grasp and act upon key circumstances of our times? In international reporting-which should help us to at least grasp key circumstances-it is, to some extent, helpful to understand globalization as a respatialization of social support based on transplanetary and supra-territorial connectivity. Scholtes definition is especially useful to understand the use of skeletal system in reporting.Globalization and TerrorismIn chapter one of Framing Terrorism, Norris, Kern, and Just explain that journalists need frames to convey dominant meanings, to make sense of the facts, to focus the headlines, and to structure the story line (Norris, Montague, Marion, 2003)22. Frames help organize and prioritize stories in the nebulous realm of all watchword. Frames are power ful features of reporting, and can influence social space by agenda-setting, cognitive priming, and evaluation, especially when a large portion of the population has access to news and repeatedly experiences the alike(p) frame. More quickly and more widely than ever-because of mass-communications and instant transmissions-framing can link vaguely related issues with the magic of one term. 9/11, for example.It has been observed that America is at war with terrorists for over a long period of time. United States has never realized the magnitude of war until September 11, 2001. The conflict had been establishing since 1983 devil dog Corps barracks bombings in Lebanon and few analysts predicted the hostility coming their way. A concept has been hypothesized by contemporary theorists renowned as the fourth generational warfare with the hazy distinctions between war and peace, civilian and military, and national and transnational groups. The global war on terrorism fits in such concept with the adversary using stooped capabilities in surprising ways to devastating effects. It has been clearly understood by United States when coupled with the mass destructive weapons (Lind, Nightengale, Schmitt, Sutton, Wilson, October 1989, pp. 22-26)23.According to Norris, Kern, and Just, the event of 9/11 created a critical culture shift in the predominant news frame used by the American mass media for understanding issues of national security, altering perceptions of risk at home and threats abroad (Norris, Montague, Marion, 2003)24. Even if the real threat of terrorism did not change, the power of framing has kept the fear of terrorism expert in the US, through the war on terrorism frame, still used daily in US international reporting. The widespread fear instigated by framing has consequently allowed the US government to restrict some civil liberties through the Patriot Act. Supra-territorial and transplanetary connections in mass communications have allowed the US gove rnment, in happenstance with US reporting, to efficiently frame international reporting and quickly assert influence over civil society.The terrorist attack on the Pentagon and the World Trade total was considered to be a significant and more bad demonstration of various trends that have emerged in the period of post-Cold War. It was not considered to be a turning point that signaled and indicated the initiating of new decade of internationalization. It is obvious that terrorists always had evil objectives as demonstrated on September 11, 2001 in terms of capability to carry out deadly determinations anywhere across the entire globe with vast and major influences. Contradicting the capabilities of terrorists requires the re analyzing of strategic basiss and the response of United States towards such strategies. Moreover, the United States has been forced to consider the national interests and estimate the strategies of national security as a result of September 11, 2001. The mos t major trends having devastating influence on the strategic framework and background includes collapse of the bipolar system, revival of globalism, and rise of Islamic extremism. The convergence of such trends enabled various nations to experience peace, strength and increasing affluence along with various challenges. The knock-down(prenominal) repercussion have created against the considerations of various societies in terms of increasing consistency among nations and cultures that challenge to devastate and destroy the traditional local values. The terrorism has been lifted globally due to these trends and due to which it is essential for United States to re-assess the strategy (Terrorism, November 2002)25.Meanwhile, supra-territorial and transplanetary connections have benefited terrorists, as well. Al Qaeda has used the Internet to spread its message through websites and videos, and global television has allowed an array of terrorist messages to be spread to homes everywhere. Political terrorism is theater, Michael Stohl writes in Demystifying Terrorism, and terrorists are primarily interested in the audience (Stohl, 1988)26. To spread its messages, to reach audiences, to locomote anywhere in a day, to take advantage of the fact that people travel en masse, to develop financial portfolios and make money through the global black-market drug and weapons rings, terrorists have relied on the density of transplanetary and supra-territorial nature of todays globalized space.But do terrorists do what they do dependable because that can? What are their motives? Are they just madmen? How do terrorists in Afghanistan differ from terrorists in Indonesia or India? What regions are especially conscious of terror-related problems? Why does Saudi Arabia think a fence can keep terrorists out? What are the consequences of not answering these questions?In international reporting, an understanding of Scholtes definition can help identify a storys potential frames (9/11, the War on Terror) and can even describe why some things are able to happen (terrorists are able to have a more wide-spread effect on the global stage). But in international reporting, Scholtes broad definition can only answer a slice of specific questions. It does not lead a journalist to answer important questions regarding the role of borders, domains, consciousness, actors, and consequences in a story.Contradictions and Uncertainties of GlobalizationBorders, in Scholtes definition, are broken down in the process of globalization, just as all barriers are reduced, and this result in more transworld social contacts (Scholte, 2005)27. With globalization, he says, people become more able-physically, legally, linguistically, culturally and psychologically-to take aim with each other wheresoever on planet Earth they might be (Scholte, 2005)28. Besides the fact that he remains unclear about how these barriers break down, an increasing ability to engage with each other would not necess arily lead to further globality. As drug-runners and migrants have greater cross-border mobility thanks to quick transport and communications, more are get across the US border with Mexico in response, the US builds a fence, a literal lend oneselfment of its traditional borders. And Saudi Arabias most recent answer to terrorism is the same enforce traditional borders.Globalization actually links the people all around the world as a result of which new commonalities emerges into experiences with their differentiating and producing new inequalities. Similarly, when it connects the isolated regions to global network parts of the world, it ignores other regions. The events reveal the contradictions and conflicts at the core of globalization and the technologies of information, communication, and transportation facilitating the globalization can be used to damage it, and generating instruments of devastation along with the production (Kellner, 2002, pp. 285-305)29. Consequently, it has been argued that in order to theorize globalization properly it is essential to conceptualize the various contradictions that are generated by the combination of globalization of technological revolution and restructuring of capital, as a result of which conflicts are generated between capitalism and democracy. In the global economy, globalization involves the production of logic of capital with the spread of democracy in information, finance, investing and dispersal of technology. Thus, globalization is a mixture of capitalism and democracy in which the logic of capital and market system enter more fields of global life in terms of democracy spreads, more political areas and spaces of daily life are opposed by democratic demands and forces. It is observed that sometimes globalization promote democracy and sometimes it constrains it by either equating capitalism and democracy, or in a problematic manner (Friedman, 1999)30.Assessing of MatterAt international level, development and d eveloped countries have differentiating concerns on wide basis. In developing countries, the importance is on development at any cost by indicating that the developed countries industrialized at time when there was no repute for environmental concerns and labor standards were also offensive. All such things were maintained by developing countries in order to receive assistance as little opportunities and chances were available but were needed to develop in any way. Moreover, developing countries have asked international community to postpone or cancel their astounding debt. Such countries are basically compelled to repay the loans that were taken by previous dictatorial regimes or suggested by the donors to finance development schemes (Chapter 11 Globalization)31.Additionally, if the world is becoming respacialized according to transplanetary and supra-territorial connections, is any compression of social space equally important among all domains? An African-American crude-oil deal er with the Internet has more global impact than his familys remote Ugandan village with an Internet connection. But which domains of social space are more affected by respacialization, and compared to what? Is the crude-oil trader any more effective with blue-tooth technology, than he had been with wired technology? Is the village able to use their Internet connection in a way that will change their lives? Scholtes definition does not leave room for economies of scale or the ingrained character of traditional life in parts of the world. traditionalistic life and identities establish regional consciousnesses that determine agendas. How does a respacialization of social life change consciousnesses? The EU exists, and Europe has asserted itself as a unified economic power. Has this changed the way Germans think of themselves? How has it changed the German agenda? Scholtes definition doesnt consider the subtle interplay of identities as important in forming policies, whether the world experiences more connectivity or not.Just as domains are not equally important, neither are actors. On whom should international reports focus? Scholtes definition gives us no clues who are those responsible for the respacialization of social life? Does it matter? And who are affected? Certainly not everyone, and certainly not in the same ways. Scholte admits this the trend has not touched all of humanity to the same extent (Scholte, 2005)32. But how can this be measured based on Scholtes definition? This most important part of globalization, Scholte only touches upon. He writes, The growth of transplanetary and supra-territorial connections empowers some people and disempowers others (Scholte, 2005)33. If globalization creates inequalities, how great are these inequalities? Can we do anything about them? How can journalists begin to discuss them in a story?Scholtes definition leaves many questions unanswered, though these are what build stories. Other, more operational definitions of globalization have been developed and used by journalists and social scientists, on which journalists depend for measures of their subjects, audience, and their own effects. In Hans-Henrik Holms The Effect of Globalization on Media Structures and Norms, for example, this definition of globalization was used the intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations across borders (Holm H.-H. , 2001)34. Although it is not a universally accepted definition, the definition focuses on structural and technological elements and so can serve as a crucible, leading to new developments and insights. By including economic integration in the definition, Holm can deduce that globalization has had an effect on Danish media. One of many examples Internationalization has pushed the media business towards larger and larger units (Holm H.-H. , 2001)35. Holm could maneuver between qualitative and quantitative analysis and come to specific conclusions about how globalization has affe cted editorial choice in Danish media.In other studies, globalization as a term is more useful if it is not defined by the study. In Andreas Schucks study of vote choice in the Dutch EU constitution referendum, participants were asked their opinion of globalization, among other factors. This part of the study tried to find how some factors affected vote intention before the start of the campaign, and results indicated that people who had a fear of globalization were more likely to intend to vote no. (Schuck, September 2006)36According to Schuck, this is one of the first studies of its kind to take participants views of globalization into account, even though the term was undefined by the study (Schuk, September 2006)37. The participants relied on their own understanding of the term, however foggy. Requiring that participants defined globalization in Scholtes terms would have been counterproductive, not only because it would have been time-consuming to explain Scholtes definition. Ev en if the participants learned and understood the concept according to Scholte (or anyone else), the study then would not have revealed how public perceptions of globalization affects voters decisions. coatingUltimately, globalization is not only a condition, but it is also a tool. By using the word in clearly decided ways-defining it or passing it to subjects in a study or interview-globalization can lead journalists to understand and tell their stories more effectively. But globalization should not be over-estimated, as Holm points out in his study. When globalization is clearly defined, it is often found that the local, the traditional, is still important. One of his conclusions, in fact, is that classical news criteria are still the best predictors of what news will be chosen and used(Holm, 2006)38.And as the case

How to Write a Science Essay

How to Write a Science EssayThe steps to writing a science bear witness are much the same as any(prenominal) other type of essay planning, research and analysis, outlining your ideas and then writing your prose. Once end you need to edit your manuscript by carefully proofreading for content, context and format required by your instructor. Following a detailed discussion of each of these points, a discussion on the differences between science essays and other types of essays bequeath be presented.If you think of this first paragraph as an example, your first paragraph tells your reader what youre going to keep open about. Alternately, your first paragraph stern be used to get your readers attention with statements or statistics on your topic in order to focus the read into the urgency of your topic.PlanningWhen planning your essay one of the first steps is making sure you understand the research read/write head posed to you by your instructor or that you understand specific any y what the topic is about. If not do some preliminary ground work to gain all the level of understanding you need to follow through on the essay or to clarify the topic. The planning phase is also a time to strategise how you bequeathing carry out the process and how much time you entrust need. The larger the essay, the more important the planning phase and the longer the lead time you will require. A come up-researched 10,000 word essay probably behindnot be written the night before it is due plan accordingly.Research and analysisWhile many individuals soothe use the library for research, the internet is also a source of great volumes of selective information. Depending on the area of science, professional organisations usually consider websites with percentages dedicated to publications as well as links to other websites that have professional sources of information. These are excellent sources of information. Additional sources available online include http//scholar.goo gle.com or some of the professional academic databases. tense to stay away from general or generic websites such as www.wikipedia.com or www.ask.com as these are not considered valid sources for most university essays.Once all of your references are gathered and read, analysing your research is critical in order to make proper sense of what youve read. Only then can you be assured you have enough material to resolvent the question posed or to support the type of question you are asking in your essay.Preparing the outlineYour outline can be as detailed or as high level as you believe appropriate for your essay. Many people skip outline prep as an essay writing step if they have no problem organising their thoughts but for others, the outline dos as a roadmap and a method of staying focused. The outline should serve to assure all topical areas are covered, that the essay has a proper flow of information, that it effectively answers the question posed or discusses all aspects of th e topic you concupiscence to cover in an effective manner.Writing the motifOne way of transitioning from the outline to the essay is by organising the research youve gathered by outline section or point covered. Summarising your reference material and stating how it relates to your topic are your next steps.If youve not disposed(p) an outline, your essay flow might resemble something like this knowledgeability and background to the problem.Research question posed or topic selectedThematic presentation of the literature gathered on the topic or used to answer to the question.Discussion of how the material gathered relates to the topic or answers the question perhaps how this relates to a specific area of professional practice.Conclusion summarising your essay.Once again, if youve not prepared an outline, it is critical you work hard to stay focused in your essay. The larger the topic area the more you may be tempted to veer off course. A well written science essay is focused.Proper essays require appropriate citations and referencing. There are many websites with formatting guides that accommodate MLA, APA, Harvard and just about any other format your instructor might request. Most science essays require either Harvard or AMA formatting. Be sure to check with your instructor for verification as many university professors will lower your grade if proper formatting is not followed.ConclusionThe conclusion should be a short recap of what youve written. Youre fundamentally reminding the reader what youve told them and adding any concluding remarks you feel appropriate.Proofreading and editingProofreading is essential While its tempting to turn in a paper after you write the last word, careful proofreading and editing can make the difference in your grade. If you are using a word processing program, first run your spell-check. It will likely remove most spelling errors and question detected grammatical errors. Once you complete your spell check you need to careful ly read your paper one or more times for typos and spelling errors that are not picked up by your spell-check. Additionally, it is important to review your writing for sentences that may be similarly lengthy shorten them. Tightening up your writing by eliminating jargon and wordiness make for a more effective and enjoyable essay.How the science essay is different than othersThe science essay is different than many other types of essays. For example, psychology, marketing, sociology, anthropology or even management essays will all have specific theories you can reference. However, for undefendable areas such as these the types of research you are likely to find are both a mix of qualitative and quantitative. For the science essay, the type of research you will most likely find is only quantitative those dealing with statistics and hard facts. Unless asked for your opinion the science essay is not the place to deal in grey-headed areas. In order to write a well regarded science e ssay stick strictly to factual data and make sure you present your information in a similar fashion, factually.More information on writing the effective essay, proper formatting guides, journal article analysis, research methodologies and essay examples can be found online.

Issues That Impact Individuals On The Autistic Spectrum

Issues That Impact Individuals On The ill SpectrumThe purpose of this essay is to discuss the issues that impact on separates on the autistic spectrum with regards to nous, intervention, reserve and inclusion. Autism Spectrum disorder is a complex outgrowthal disability which affects language and parley, friendly interaction, and flexibility of thought and behaviour. These areas, known as the triad of impairments (Wing Gould, 1979), exchange signifi abidetly between individuals and baberen and puppyish people with a range of intellectual abilities can be affected. There may also be accompanying arresting issues, for example to touch, smell, noise, taste or visual stimuli. Although there are wide ranging differences, individuals on the spectrum all have some level of difficulty in social interaction, social communication and imagination.Although the prevalence of ASC is hard to establish, it was recently estimated that it affects approximately 60 in every 10,000 children (Chakrabarti Fombonne, 2005). The additional support needs of children and young people with ASC varies widely. It is mathematical for some individuals to achieve very well and with limited additional support can access the full curriculum. Others may require specific interventions and strategies to help them scan and develop. Early appointment and sound judgement of a childs additional support needs in relation to ASD is important so that the planning of educational provision and parental support can be facilitated.Assessment is crucial to meeting the needs of any child and for children on the spectrum it is even more(prenominal) important as educational targets should be based on an accurate assessment profile. There is no standard educational assessment or onslaught as any strategies position in amaze should consider a childs individual learning style and impact of their autism as well as environmental factors, otherwise the outcome could be inadequate or even detrimen tal. situationIndividual assessment of children with ASD should be based on careful observation and identification of areas which require further investigation. discussion with parents is vital, as their perspectives and difficulties at home may differ considerably from that of adults in the education setting. Other professionals may be involved to augment the information collected as collaboration is necessary for the serve to develop. The analysis of this information can then be compiled to form a holistic profile. The staged intervention process to identification, assessment and review, is embedded in sound educational practice. Staff plan strategies based on assessment, apply them and review the results in terms of progress do by the child or young someone.A child in my care, John, was noted at approximately 2 years of age to be non-verbal. His present was solitary and repetitive. A stage 1 reassert Plan was put in place to encourage him to develop sharing, turn-taking an d simple co-operative play. He was encouraged to office early communication skills, such as pointing, gesturing and any attempts at spoken language. Following further concerns regarding his lack of communication skills he was referred to a Speech healer and he and his mother attended Learning to Talk platform.2A Stage 2 Support Plan was put in place as John would only allow superstar adult to share his space, he would move to different areas of the nursery but resisted attempts of interaction from other adults or children in the room and his play remained solitary and restricted to his favourite toys. Using play based intervention connatural to the DIR/Floortime Model (ICDL 2000), and using his interest in cars, cater encouraged John to spend a few minutes at free play sharing his toys. Eye contact was established and he pointed in order to draw attention . Advice was sought from Short Term Advice and Response Team (START), due to ongoing concerns with speech and language and social interaction. They advised pose a photo timetable in place to help John manage and predict his day. A Stage 3 Support Plan was set up and John was referred to the Pre-school Assessment Team (PRE SCAT) for input from Educational Psychology and a Preschool Language and Communication Resource. John attended this resource 3 days per work week as well as nursery 2 days per week with input from an Educational Psychologist. He was then referred to the Autism team for assessment. His first spoken speech appeared at 4 years. John deferred entry to school for one year. His transition to school was very intensive, visiting regularly to spend time with his class teacher, support staff and to build awareness of his surroundings. John has desexualize significant progress but continues to find changes to his routine difficult to cope with as well as an inability to initiate and sustain interaction with peers. He now attends mainstream school 2 days per week and specific school 3 days p er week as well as After School Care in my establishment. This outcome would have been unlikely without the support and successful collaboration of staff, other agencies and professionals.3The current legislative framework of The Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 requires schools to meet the needs of all children by helping parents, carers and pupils with ASD understand their strengths and challenges and put strategies in place to support their learning. All children have an equal right to access a broad and balanced curriculum with supports adapted to their needs based on keep assessment, intervention and review. Interventions should have a proven track record of success and allow ongoing evaluation in order to support the continued development of the child or young person. In research conducted by Hunt, Soto, Maier, Doering (2003), a Unified Plans of Support (UPS) team was studied. Children who had a UPS team meeting once a month to assess and re-ev aluate existing plans increased in measured test scores.For a child or young person with ASD, the social curriculum is notwithstanding as important as the academic curriculum. Assessment should consider social and communication skills e.g. social interaction, language and communication, self awareness, independence, play and imagination and emotional understanding. The assessment process should identify key areas for setting educational and future targets. These targets should not be solely academically based. In order to meet the needs of an individual with ASD, there needs to be a balance between purposeful self help and life skills and academic achievement..4The National Autism Plan for Children (NAS, 2003) encourages multi-disciplinary assessment and proposes that family contribution including the childs developmental history and environment and observations from other settings are included. Multi-agency involvement in the assessment process is recommended by the Scottish Inter collegiate Guidelines Network, as it may identify different aspects of ASD and aid accurate diagnosis.(Assessment, diagnosis and clinical interventions for children and young people with autism spectrum disorders, SIGN 2007).Although diagnosis of an ASD is ultimately the responsibility of health professionals it is not made in isolation and information should be obtained from a wider multi-agency team including parents/carers, speech and language therapists, teachers and educational psychologists. The Psychological Service can contribute to the Getting it right(a) for Every Child initiative, which focuses on the needs of the child and aims to streamline processes in order to deliver appropriate services thereby helping the child or young person fulfil their full potential. Other appropriate agencies e.g. health and social work services offer advice on and assist in incident and future interventions and strategies. (Educational Psychology Assessment in Scotland, 2005). Input from a Speech Language therapist is usually necessary in order to support children and young people with difficulties in communication skills as well as issues involving eating and drinking. An occupational therapist can assist with co-ordination and movement difficulties and self-help skill such as washing, dressing and toileting.5Willing participation (Henneman E.A., Lee J.L. Cohen J.I. 1995) and a high level of motivation (Molyneux 2001) are central to effective interprofessional collaboration. This involves developing, planning, monitoring and evaluating mutually concur targets and combining the knowledge and expertise of professionals (Cook G., Gerrish K. Clarke C. 2001) to assist joint decision making based on shared professional opinions (Russell and Hymans 1999, Stapleton 1998). Unless individual practitioners are aware of the role, procedure and professional boundaries of others they may not be able to make an effective contribution to any planned strategies. (Bliss J., Cowl ey S. temporary hookup A. 2000).Following assessment, an individualised educational programme (IEP) should be developed. Most children exit need specific targets and the assessment process will have identified areas of difficulty for the pupil. These can then be prioritised and tackled by setting realistic, specific targets. The IEP should be reviewed regularly and progress against previous targets monitored. There are some children whose additional support needs include one or more complex factors which are likely to continue for more than one year. If they require significant support to be provided by an education authority and one or more appropriate agencies, a Co-ordinated Support Plan (CSP) which is a legal document, is compiled. The CSP focuses on supporting the child to benefit from set educational objectives and assists in the co-ordination of services such as education, health and social work. It should be monitored and reviewed regularly, at least every 12 months. In f uture, the Scottish Government wants each child to have just one plan covering all their support needs, provided by health, education and social work , in line with Getting it right on for Every Child (GIRFEC ).6The physiologic environment can be difficult to cope with for children with ASD mainly due to sensory difficulties and problems with central coherence. ( Happ, F., Frith, U. 2006). It is important for children with a communication impairment to ensure that realistic adjustments are made to limit as many obstacles to learning as possible, for al near any other special need, the classroom only becomes disabling when a demand to perform a given task is made. For the child with autism, disability begins at the door. Hanbury (2007). The environment should be as tidy and free of clutter as possible to reduce the level of anxiety and confusion. Structure and consistancy can reduce stress and in some cases dispute behaviour. Difficult or challenging behaviour is not a part of an autistic spectrum disorder, but it is a common reaction of pupils with these disorders, faced with a confound world and with limited abilities to communicate their frustrations or control other people. (Jordan Jones 1998).Individual class or group charts may be required as most children on the autistic spectrum respond well to visual timetables. A planned programme taking account of the needs of the childs sensory and processing difficulties should be undertaken as stressful situations can create challenging behaviour (Waterhouse 2000). Speech and language programmes that have been correctly prepared can help improve a childs wisdom and increase their vocabulary which in turn will enhance their social communication skills and correct problems with intonation or articulation (Howlin 1998).The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), proposes that children with ASD should be originated in as open and inclusive an environment as possible. Although this legislation is necessary a nd does protect a childs rights to the best education possible, it can create difficulties for teachers.7Classroom sizes have been reduced and employment of teachers has been cut. comprehension laws require teachers to educate children at many different developmental stages. Children with ASD require a variety of pedagogy strategies in order to meet their individual needs. According to Cumine, Leach Stevenson (1998), many teachers feel they have not received training to instruct children with these kinds of learning disabilities. Strosnider, Lyon, Gartland (1997) put in that teachers feel under pressure in carrying out educational plans due to lack of time to collaborate with other professionals and the shortage of special education teachers. major gaps in training have been recognised at every level and across all sectors and services. It was estimated that half (54%) of teachers who work in this field have lowly (34%) or no (20%) ASD training. Obstacles cited are release of staff, lack of suitable training and funding (Scottish Government Publication 2009).There are several educational theories associated with ASD. Dr. Bryna Siegels (1996) nous of reinforcement, is that the teacher takes the time to determine a childs main interest. She can then request and reinforce the required behaviour using the object of interest as an incentive. Another teaching technique is applied behaviour analysis and discrete trial training (ABA/DTT). Siegel (2003) describes ABA/DTT as a science that studies how principles of behavioural conditioning can be applied to learning. Siegel suggests that learning can be broken down into small steps, which can be built on each other, and this ultimately will lead to the overall notion. ABA/DTT is highly recommended for children with autism. Shores (2002) research explains the difficulties ASD children have with sensory perception and how they can be helped by using ABA/DTT. It is challenging for a child with ASD to make sense of the different experiences occurring throughout the school day and by applying ABA/DTT this allows the child to focus on smaller quantities of information giving them the opportunity to complete an concession rather than becoming overwhelmed.8The relationship between curriculum and social education can also cause confusion. If a child is placed in a group for project work it is possible he would be so overcome by the social aspect that he would find it highly difficult to focus on the curriculum aspect. Strosnider, R., Lyon, C., Gartland, D. ,(1997) recognize this overlap as academic, physical and interpersonal skills are all areas of difficulty for the ASD child. Strosnider, et al., (1997) compiled The Academic, Physical and Interpersonal Inclusion Plan (API Inclusion Plan). This plan helps teachers to use brainstorming strategies for each of these areas and is particularly useful if there is no availability of a special needs teacher to collaborate with. Kluth (2003) suggests th at the learning environment is itself a strategy. In constructing the best environment Kluth (2003) suggests an aspect that needs to be considered is that of sounds. He uses the familiar example of nails on a chalk board sending a chill down the spine Kluth (2003) states that to a child with ASD every day sounds can have a similar effect. Kluth (2003) promotes the importance of a teacher assessing noise levels and putting strategies in place to exclude excessive noise such as allowing the child to listen to loopy music with headsets during class times or using earplugs.Children should be prepared ahead if there are to be changes in their routines, to avoid excessive anxiety. Ozonoff, et al., (2002), refine on the suggestion of visual signs for the ASD child. Their research claims that visual instructions and schedules help the child to feel more secure and less stressed so the mind can direct its attention to learning. All of these stress factors must be taken into consideration w hen assessing which strategies and interventions would be beneficial to the child or young person with ASD. According to Williams (2001), reducing stress and worry, ensuring the environment is predictable and minimizing transitions is crucial to delivering an effective education for the child with ASD.9Having considered the environment, other strategies require to be put into place. An approach to education widely used is the Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped Children program. It is referred to as TEACCH. Ozonoff, Dawson, McPartland (2002) describe this method as a way to build upon the ASD childs store strengths as many children have the ability to remember large quantities of information on subjects they are interested in. Cumine et al., (1998) indicate that TEACCH has 4 main elements. These include modifying the physical environment, setting visual schedules for the daily activities, verbal explanation of the expectations of type and leng th of work and verbal and visual presentation of instructions. Strategies used are designed to deal out the difficulties faced by children with ASD, and be adapted to their needs. TEACCH methodology is embedded in behaviour therapy on the basis that there are underlying reasons, such as lack of understanding of what is expected of the child or what will happen to them next or sensory under or overstimulation, for their challenging behaviour. By addressing these communication difficulties, the child will be able to express his needs and feelings by other means. In line with Dr Bryna Siegel (1996) Shevitz, Weinfeld, Jeweler, Barnes-Robinson (2003) suggest a program that achieves the concept of maximize childrens strengths as well as increasing self esteem by using their preoccupation with a favourite item or topic of interest. hearty behaviours are necessary for achieving good educational standards as well as successful playground interaction. Myles and Simpson (2001) have entitled this aspect of education The Hidden Curriculum. This includes the sanctioned how tos of living, which are not apparent to children with ASD. Knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate conversation may be foreign to an ASD child.10Teachers should be prepared to educate themselves on effective strategies in order to support children with ASD in collaboration with other professionals, support staff and the wider community and agree on appropriate interventions.. comprehensive classrooms give children the opportunity to have their intellectual ability challenged and fostered and it should be the responsibility of all teachers to do whatever is necessary to help these children to achieve success. Inclusion is more than a set of strategies or practices, it is an educational orientation that embraces differences and values the uniqueness that each learner brings to the classroom. (Kluth, 2003. p. 23-24).In conclusion, the increasing focus on early identification and effective interven tion is a continual challenge but every child needs to be assessed, have a plan established addressing areas of weakness, and most importantly have a teacher who believes in him and has the desire to learn, implement new strategies and work effectively in collaboration with other professionals and agencies for successful inclusion. This in turn will hopefully give the child with ASD the outcome he needs and deserves.12ReferencesAnderson, W., Chitwood, S., Hayden, D. (1997). Negotiating the Special Education Maze. Bethesda, MD Woodbine House, Inc.Bliss J., Cowley S. While A. (2000) Interprofessional working in palliative care in the communitya review of the literature. Journal of Interprofessional Care 14 281-90.Chakrabarti, S. Fombonne, E. (2005), Pervasive Developmental Disorders in pre-school children cheque of high prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), 1133-1141Cook G., Gerrish K. Clarke C. (2001) Decision-making in teams issues arising from two UK evaluations. Journal of Interprofessional Care 15 141-51.Cumine, V., Leach, J., Stevenson, G. (1998). Asperger Syndrome A Practical Guide For Teachers. London, England David Fulton Publishers.Hanbury, M. (2007) Positive Behaviour Strategies to Support Children and Young People with Autism. London Sage.Happ, F., Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, pp. 5-25.Henneman E.A., Lee J.L. Cohen J.I. (1995) Collaboration a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced care for 21 103-9.Howlin P. (1998) Children with Autism and Autistic Spectrum Disorders. A Guide forPractitioners and Carers. Chichester J. Wiley and Sons.Jordan, R. Jones, G. (1999) Meeting the Needs of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. London David Fulton.Kluth, P. (2003). Youre Going To Love This Kid teaching method bookmans with Autism in The Inclusive Classroom. Baltimore, MD Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.Molyne ux J. (2001) Interprofessional teamworking what makes teams work well? Journal ofInterprofessional Care 15 29-35.Myles, B., Simpson, R. (2001). Understanding the Hidden Curriculum An requirement Social Skill for Children and Youth with Asperger Syndrome. Intervention In School Clinic, 36 (5), 279-291.Ozonoff, S. PhD., Dawson, G. PhD., McPartland, J. (2002). A Parents Guide to Asperger Syndrome High-Functioning Autism. New York, NY The Guilford Press.Russell K.M. and Hymans D. (1999) Interprofessional education for undergraduate students.Public Health Nursing 16 254-62.13Shevitz, B., Weinfeld, R., Jeweler, S., Barnes-Robinson, L. (2003). Mentoring Empowers Gifted/Learning Disabled Students to Soar Roeper Review, 26 (1), 37-48.Shore, S. (2002). Understanding the Autism Spectrum-What Teachers Need To Know. Intervention in School Clinic, 36 (5), 293-305.Siegel, B. (1996). The World of the Autistic Child. New York, NY Oxford University Press.Siegel, B. (2003). Helping Children wit h Autism Learn. New York, NY Oxford University Press.Stapleton S.R. (1998) Team-building making collaborative practice work. Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 43 12-8.Strosnider, R., Lyon, C., Gartland, D. (1997). Including Students with Disabilities into the Regular Classroom. Education, 117 (4), 611-622.Waterhouse S. (2000) A Positive Approach to Autism. London Jessica Kingsley.Williams, K. (2001). Understanding the Student with Asperger Syndrome Guidelines for Teachers. Intervention in School Clinic 36 (5), 287-298Wing, L. Gould, J. (1979) Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children Epidemiology and classification, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9 11-29

Electronic Commerce Essay -- Ecommerce E-commerce

Electronic commerceOne of the fastest growing industries today is electronic commerce. roughly anything can be purchased, traded, or sold all via the Internet. A person sitting in their living room dressed in pajamas on a rainy Saturday morning in mid December can hookup to the internet and place their bid on a new chess cast for the holidays with come in ever setting foot in the department stores. They can pay for it with their credit card through a secure transaction and have it delivered mature to their door in a couple of days for less than they could get it retail. An article by Jan Thomas said that the electronic commerce industry is prosperous and that it has grown at an alarming rate of oer 2000 percent since last year. She continued to say that she predicts that it will continue to grow at an even alacritous rate, as more and more products become available online and that knowledge of Internet commerce is really happening. (34)One of the major reasons that this industr y is booming is because purchasing over the Internet has been made very easy compared to the traditional way of shopping. Ordinarily a consumer will take the kids and pile in the family car and head to the local shopping mall. Once they get there they will find what they are looking for only to be told by the rude, pushy sales person that it is out of stock. After they get pushed into something other than what they came for they will wait in a line similar to that of Space Mountain at Disney World....